How is churn rate calculated?

Customers lost during a period / total customers at beginning of that period

You’re competing with other companies in Google’s Ad Auction for a particular keyword search term. Which of the following is the best course of action?

Add useful extensions like phone numbers and address information to your website

MGMT-3300 Final Exam Review

This cheat sheet covers key topics for the MGMT-3300 final exam, focusing on cumulative chapters, internet/telecom, cybersecurity, and Google. It includes exam structure, preparation advice, and core concepts from relevant chapters.

Core Principles

Exam covers chapters 1-18 (cumulative), 20 (Internet/Telecom), Cybersecurity, and 22 (Google).
50 questions: multiple choice and true/false.
Exam duration is 75 minutes.
Bring a #2 pencil and two 2-sided note pages (typed or written).
Closed-book/device exam.
Power-Up points can affect final exam score eligibility.
Prepare note sheets proportionally to topic weight (e.g., 40% Cybersecurity).
Study techniques: review key topics, make notes, use slides, textbook, and lectures.
Attend exam prep session and office hours for clarification.
Avoid AI or others' cheat sheets; personal note creation is key for studying.

Action Steps

Allocate study time based on exam topic weighting.
Start preparing note sheets several days in advance.
Review key topics and make brief notes (definitions, characteristics, examples).
Prioritize review of unfamiliar topics.
Use slides, then textbook, then lectures for detailed information.
Attend the exam prep session and review recordings.
Utilize office hours or appointments for questions.
Take breaks from Power-Up assignments during exam study.
Review mock test questions to simulate exam conditions.
Create your own notes rather than relying on AI or others' materials.

Formulas

Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average On Hand Inventory
Cash Conversion Cycle = Days Inventory Outstanding + Days Sales Outstanding - Days Payable Outstanding

Key Terms

Churn Rate: Customers lost during a period / total customers at beginning of that period.
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV): Total worth of a customer to a business over the entire duration of their relationship.
Customer Acquisition Costs (CAC): Cost associated with convincing a customer to buy a product or service.
Moore's Law: Observation that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years.
Disruptive Innovation: Innovation that creates a new market and value network, eventually displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.
Inventory Turnover: Measures how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory over a period.
Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC): Measures how long it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flow from sales.
Python: A high-level, general-purpose programming language known for its readability and versatility.
Quantum Computing: Uses quantum-mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform calculations.
SQL (Structured Query Language): A standard language for managing and manipulating databases.
AI Chat Prompt: Instructions or questions given to an AI model to generate a specific response.
Predatory High-Frequency Trading: Using high-speed trading strategies to exploit small price discrepancies, often raising market manipulation concerns.
5G Wireless Technology: The fifth generation of cellular network technology, offering higher speeds, lower latency, and greater capacity.
Net Neutrality: The principle that Internet service providers must treat all internet communications equally, and not discriminate or charge differently based on user, content, website, platform, application, type of equipment, source address, destination address, or method of communication.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; fundamental communication protocols for the internet.
Router: A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Internet Backbone: The main data routes between large, interconnected networks on the internet.
IXP (Internet Exchange Point): Physical infrastructure where ISPs and content delivery networks connect to exchange traffic.
Last Mile: The final leg of a telecommunications network that connects the core network to the end-user.
Transport Protocol: Defines how data is transferred between devices (e.g., HTTP, FTP).
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): A protocol for establishing encrypted links between a web server and a browser.
Digital Certificate: An electronic document used to prove the ownership of a public key.
Defense in Depth: Using multiple layers of security controls to protect assets.
Network Segmentation: Dividing a computer network into smaller, isolated subnetworks.
Anomalous Activity Scans: Detecting unusual patterns in network traffic or system behavior.
Principle of Least Privilege: Granting users or systems only the minimum permissions necessary to perform their tasks.
Encryption: The process of encoding information so that only authorized parties can access it.
Multifactor Authentication (MFA): Authentication using two or more verification factors (e.g., password + code).
Phishing: Attempting to acquire sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication.
Ransomware: Malware that encrypts a victim's files, demanding a ransom for decryption.
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service): Overwhelming a system with traffic from multiple sources to make it unavailable.
DNS Spoofing: Corrupting DNS data to redirect traffic to a malicious website.
Social Engineering: Manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information.
Insider Threat: Security risk originating from within the organization.
Web Spiders/Crawlers: Automated programs that browse the web to collect information for search engines.
Indexing: Process of organizing information gathered by crawlers for fast retrieval.
PageRank Algorithm: Google's algorithm for ranking web pages based on their importance and relevance.
Organic Search Results: Listings on a search engine results page that appear because of their relevance to the search query, not because advertisers paid for them.
SEO (Search Engine Optimization): The practice of increasing the quantity and quality of traffic to your website through organic search engine results.
Click-Through Rate (CTR): The ratio of users who click on a specific link to the number of total users who view a page or message.
PPC (Pay-Per-Click): An internet advertising model used to drive traffic to websites, in which an advertiser pays a publisher when the ad is clicked.
Ad Networks: Companies that facilitate the advertising process by connecting advertisers with publishers.
Negative Keywords: Keywords that prevent an ad from appearing on searches using those terms.

Pro Tips

Your initial note sheet version should exceed the limit; trim down after review.
Focus on definitions, characteristics, and key examples discussed in lectures/slides.
Completing the final exam is mandatory for all students.
Students with 450+ Power-Up points can round exam score to 100% if minimum score is met.
Students with 400-449 Power-Up points can drop the final if it's their lowest score and minimum is met.
Power-Up incentives are applied post-exam.
Register with the Disability Center at least 7 days in advance if applicable.
Notify professor well in advance for documented exam conflicts.

Pitfalls to Avoid

Relying solely on AI or others' study materials.
Not preparing note sheets in advance.
Underestimating the importance of cumulative chapters.
Forgetting to bring a #2 pencil.
Missing the deadline for registering with the Disability Center.
Not notifying the professor in advance for exam conflicts.
Spending too much time on low-weight topics.
Not reviewing mock test questions.

Real World Examples

A streaming service losing subscribers each month.: Calculating Churn Rate to understand customer retention issues.
A company spending heavily on marketing to acquire new customers.: Comparing Customer Acquisition Costs (CAC) to Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) to ensure profitability.
A tech company's processors becoming faster and cheaper over time.: Illustrates Moore's Law and its impact on technological advancement.
A startup offering a cheaper, simpler alternative to an existing product.: Managing disruptive innovations to gain market share.
A retail store selling and restocking its products multiple times a year.: Calculating Inventory Turnover to assess inventory management efficiency.
A business managing its supply chain and payment cycles.: Calculating the Cash Conversion Cycle to optimize working capital.
A user needing to log into their bank account.: Using Multifactor Authentication (password + code from phone) for enhanced security.
Receiving an urgent email asking for personal information.: Identifying phishing red flags (e.g., grammar errors, suspicious links).
A hospital network segmenting its patient data systems from general administrative networks.: Implementing Network Segmentation for better cybersecurity.
A user searching for information on Google.: Understanding how Google's crawlers, indexing, and PageRank determine search result order.
A business running ads on Google for specific search terms.: Participating in Google's Ad Auction, considering bids, extensions, and negative keywords.

Timeline

Spring 2026: MGMT-3300 Final Exam administered.
End of Semester: Power-Up points deadline.
Following Sunday Night: Deadline for submitting any remaining Power-Up assignments.
At least 7 days prior to exam date: Students using Disability Center must register.
Well in advance of scheduled exam date: Notify professor in writing for documented exam conflicts.

People

Instructor: Administers exam, calculates grades, applies Power-Up incentives.

Quiz

How is churn rate calculated?: Customers lost during a period / total customers at beginning of that period
In https://www.missouri.edu, “edu” is the ______ url: Top-level domain
The stricter the password standards (e.g., minimum length of 30 characters), the less likely an organization will have a security breach from compromised passwords/accounts.: True
Which of the following is/are multifactor authentication (MFA)?: None of these (a-c) are MFA
You’re competing with other companies in Google’s Ad Auction for a particular keyword search term. Which of the following is the best course of action?: Add useful extensions like phone numbers and address information to your website