What does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation state?

Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.

Gravitation Essentials

Gravitation is the fundamental force of attraction between any two objects with mass. It governs the motion of celestial bodies and everyday phenomena.

Core Principles

Every particle attracts every other particle in the universe.
The force is directly proportional to the product of their masses.
The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Gravitation is a universal force, acting across vast cosmic distances.
It's responsible for planetary orbits, tides, and the formation of stars and galaxies.
While universal, its strength diminishes rapidly with distance.

Formulas

$F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$
$g = G \frac{M}{R^2}$
$v = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}$
$T^2 = \left(\frac{4\pi^2}{GM}\right) r^3$

Quiz

What does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation state?: Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.
What is the symbol for the gravitational constant?: G
Which of Kepler's Laws describes the relationship between orbital period and orbital radius?: The Law of Harmonies